[
  {
    "process_stage": "Heap Leach Irrigation",
    "chemistry": "Copper: dilute sulfuric acid solution dripped onto the ore heap (Cu2O3 + H2SO4 -> Cu2(SO4)3 + H2O). Gold/Silver: cyanide solution.",
    "equipment_class": "Driplines, sprinklers, distribution/mainline piping, pressure regulators, control valves",
    "liberty_manufacturers": [
      "Netafim -- Leach Line X/A/U driplines (5-yr warranty), GyroNet Turbo sprinklers, FlexNet HP flexible mainline, 75/90/100 Series valves with a dedicated MIN (mining) configuration",
      "Asahi/America -- Type-57P butterfly, Type-21 ball, Type-15 diaphragm valves, QM Remote Cycle actuation, Chem Proline PE single-wall piping"
    ],
    "source": "netafim-mining-heap-leaching.md, asahi-america-mining.md"
  },
  {
    "process_stage": "Collection Systems",
    "chemistry": "Pregnant leach solution (PLS) draining from the heap base, collected for downstream processing.",
    "equipment_class": "Collection piping, butterfly valves, disc filters, strainers",
    "liberty_manufacturers": [
      "Asahi/America -- Type-75 butterfly valves, PDCPD (polydicyclopentadiene) butterfly valves",
      "Netafim -- Manual disc filters rated pH 2-13, ScreenGuard metal screen strainers"
    ],
    "source": "asahi-america-mining.md, netafim-mining-heap-leaching.md"
  },
  {
    "process_stage": "Solvent Extraction (SX)",
    "chemistry": "Organic extractant strips copper selectively from the pregnant leach solution, upgrading and purifying it before electrowinning.",
    "equipment_class": "Metering pumps, transfer piping, valves for the organic/aqueous circuit",
    "liberty_manufacturers": [
      "ProMinent -- dedicated Solvent Extraction application page; Delta (solenoid-driven, adapts to fluctuating back pressure) and Sigma (motor-driven, 17-1030 l/h) metering pumps",
      "Asahi/America -- Type-21 ball, Type-14 diaphragm, and globe valves named specifically for SX-EW",
      "Richter Chemie-Technik -- lined sealless mag-drive pumps; own Industries page names \"Leaching reactions, Electrolysis processes\""
    ],
    "source": "prominent-mining.md, asahi-america-mining.md, richter-ct-magnetic-drive-pumps.md"
  },
  {
    "process_stage": "Electrowinning (EW)",
    "chemistry": "Electrolytic deposition of pure copper cathode from the loaded electrolyte.",
    "equipment_class": "Circulation pumps, tankhouse piping and valves",
    "liberty_manufacturers": [
      "ProMinent -- \"Electrolytic Metal Extraction\" named as one of its five real hydrometallurgical processes",
      "Richter Chemie-Technik -- \"Electrolysis processes\" and \"Acid and lye recycling/pre-concentrating\" named industries"
    ],
    "source": "prominent-mining.md, richter-ct-magnetic-drive-pumps.md"
  },
  {
    "process_stage": "Cyanide Destruction / Precipitation (gold/silver route)",
    "chemistry": "Two-stage pH/ORP-controlled process: cyanide -> cyanate -> carbonate, with an explicit cyanogen chloride gas hazard if pH isn't raised fast enough (target under 0.1 ppm).",
    "equipment_class": "pH/ORP instrumentation, dosing pumps, reaction tanks",
    "liberty_manufacturers": [
      "GF Signet -- cyanide destruction process knowledge (2-stage pH/ORP setpoints), electrode selection for cyanide-poisoning-resistant service",
      "ProMinent -- metering pumps for reagent dosing"
    ],
    "source": "existing rules cyanide-destruction-ph-orp-setpoints, ph-orp-electrode-poisoning-ion-selection"
  },
  {
    "process_stage": "Thickening / Dewatering / Tailings",
    "chemistry": "Polymer flocculant dosing to settle ore-concentrate sludges; high-solids underflow pumping.",
    "equipment_class": "Slurry pumps, polymer metering systems, knife gate isolation valves",
    "liberty_manufacturers": [
      "Schurco Slurry USA -- 7 series to 30,000 gpm; Mine Dewatering, Tailings, and Filter Press Feed named applications",
      "AVCO Valve -- 6100 Series knife gate for slurry isolation",
      "ProMinent -- polymer metering systems (ULTROMAT ULPa/ULDa, PolyRex, DULCODOS ULFb)"
    ],
    "source": "schurco-slurry.md, avco-valve-mining.md, prominent-mining.md"
  },
  {
    "process_stage": "Evaporation Ponds",
    "chemistry": "Evaporation of excess tailings/raffinate water to manage the circuit's water balance.",
    "equipment_class": "Sprinklers, floating-base support systems",
    "liberty_manufacturers": [
      "Netafim -- GyroNet Turbo sprinklers with a MegaStand Floating Base variant purpose-built for evaporation pond deployment"
    ],
    "source": "netafim-mining-heap-leaching.md"
  }
]